Measurement of qubits
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The theory underpinning the measurement of density matrices of a pair of quantum two-level systems was described with particular emphasis on qubits realized by the two polarization degrees of freedom of a pair of entangled photons generated in a down-conversion experiment. Two techniques of measurement were discussed, namely a maximum likelihood technique and a tomographic reconstruction technique. Error analysis was presented to estimate errors in quantities derived from the density matrix.
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Physical Review A