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Entangled-photon quantum cryptography

Abstract

Ekert's proposal for quantum cryptography states that, each photon of a quantum-mechanically entangled pairs is sent to the sender and receiver, who randomly measure the polarization in various bases. Using the polarization-entangled photon pairs from a novel spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, Ekert's proposal was experimentally implemented. Liquid crystals were used to randomly measure each photon in one of four bases. As a result, several eavesdropping strategies, including strong measurements of the polarization, and also 'quantum nondemolition' (QND) measurements, were clarified.

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