Thermodynamics of magnetic response
Abstract
The thermodynamic behaviour of a magnetic system coupled to external fields is studied in a situation in which the paramagnetic and diamagnetic terms are treated on an equal footing. It is shown by explicit calculation that the linear response functions satisfy certain inequalities and in particular that the paramagnetic and diamagnetic response functions satisfy separate inequalities. The magnetic moment is found to be gauge invariant only if both the paramagnetic and diamagnetic terms are included.
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Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General