Controlling intravascular catheter infections

Abstract

Sepsis related to intravenous catheters is the commonest cause of bloodstream infections in Australia. The risk of infection is highest with percutaneous central venous catheters, somewhat lower with tunnelled or subcutaneous catheters, and lowest with peripheral intravenous catheters. The best prevention is removal of intravenous lines when they are no longer necessary. Optimal insertion techniques and line maintenance are also important. Once infection occurs, the line should generally be removed. Antibiotic therapy is directed against suspected micro-organisms (usually staphylococci) and modified with the results of cultures. If septic shock occurs general supportive measures including intravenous fluids, inotropic drugs and observation in an intensive care unit will also be necessary. Show more